Once a federation of multiple South Slavic states, Yugoslavia disintegrated in the early 1990s.
The USSR, a union of multiple Soviet socialist republics, dissolved in 1991, resulting in the formation of independent countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic States.
After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German reunification in 1990, East Germany ceased to exist as a separate state.
In 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into two independent countries: the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
After the fall of Saigon in 1975, South Vietnam was reunified with North Vietnam, resulting in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Following the Chinese invasion of Tibet in the 1950s, Tibet lost its status as an independent nation and became an autonomous region within China.
Formed after the breakup of Yugoslavia, this state union existed from 2003 to 2006, when Montenegro held a referendum for independence.
In 1997, the sovereignty over Hong Kong was transferred from the United Kingdom to China, leading to the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
After a period of Indonesian occupation, East Timor gained independence in 2002, becoming the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.